{"id":460,"date":"2018-01-30T00:29:05","date_gmt":"2018-01-30T08:29:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/synq.tech\/a\/?p=460"},"modified":"2019-08-06T00:33:16","modified_gmt":"2019-08-06T07:33:16","slug":"r-chain-multi-threading-blockchain","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/synq.tech\/a\/2018\/01\/30\/r-chain-multi-threading-blockchain\/","title":{"rendered":"R-Chain \u2013 Multi-Threading Blockchain"},"content":{"rendered":"\r\n

As cryptographic technology advances, it\u2019s natural for generational gaps to exist. Bitcoin is considered a 1st-gen cryptocurrency, Ethereum a 2nd-gen crypto. There will exist a group of modern cryptocurrencies that will be considered the 3rd generation \u2013 Cardano, Komodo, and EOS are three we covered in our\u00a0Premium Syndicate Report for January.<\/a>\u00a0To show you the type of fundamentals break down these reports carry, we\u2019ve extracted RChain from the Premium Report to release to our blog for free. We\u2019re giving you insight into how we process the Fundamental and Market analysis in our Premium Reports and open the doors on the exciting RChain project to all.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

RChain will undoubtedly be a very solid competitor in the league of 3rd-generation tokens. With the addition of all these powerhouses, projects such as Ethereum will have to work hard to maintain market relevance long-term.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Overview<\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

RChain is an open-sourced project with the goal of building a decentralized and censorship-resistant economic blockchain platform to be used as a public computing infrastructure.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Powered by smart contracts, similar to EOS, ADA, and ETH, the platform aims to be trustworthy and scalable with a PoS consensus. Smart contracts enable dApps to provide features to the blockchain such as identity, tokens, timestamp, reputation, financial services, and monetized content delivery to form exchanges, private social networks, marketplaces, etc.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

RChain contracts are written in Rholang, the platform\u2019s programming language. Designed to support internal programmatic concurrency, it can formally express the communication and coordination of processes running in parallel. This is key to the internal mechanisms of the platform.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Due to the inherent internal concurrency of RChain nodes, each node\u00a0is not required to run the namespaces of all blockchains, only those they want enabled. This feature improves the scalability of Rchain, and because the Rholang language was built from provable mathematics, it can also be considered trustworthy.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

The structure of the platform is complex:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

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A visualization of Rchain\u2019s architecture.<\/em><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

RChain is designed with JVM as the basic foundation. The Rho Virtual Machine Execution Environment (EE) will operate on the Trusted Java Libraries (JVM) to power the RhoVM instances. The RhoVM EE can support multiple individual RhoVM(s), with each running a smart contract concurrently and in a multi-threaded fashion. A multiplex of independently operating RhoVM instances will operate on nodes across the network at any given time, with each executing and validating transactions for their associated blockchains or namespaces.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

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RhoVM process structure as shown above.<\/em><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

The concurrent structure allows for independent processes to compose into complex processes without competing for resources. Along with the compositional namespaces, this architecture will enable a multi-chain (multiple blockchains per node) effect where transactions are performed on independently executing VM instances.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

A system of these interconnected nodes form the RChain Network with nodes directly communicating P2P. Each node operates with a set of dApps on top and the included essential System Contracts, written in Rholang. These contracts facilitate system processes, including running RhoVM instances, load balancing, managing dApp contracts, tokens, node trust, etc.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

The Data Abstraction Layer will provide monadic (functional programming) access to data and other nodes in the network. As an advancement of Synereo\u2019s SpecialK infrastructure, the layer will provide decentralized content delivery, key-value database, inter-node messaging, and data access patterns to the platform.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

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RChain\u2019s structural design.<\/em><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

A PoS protocol called Casper will be responsible for the chain\u2019s replication and consensus. Comparable to Ethereum smart contracts, RChain nodes will receive signed transactions and the VM instances are to execute them to progress a contract\u2019s state. Node operators, or bonded validators, will apply the consensus algorithm to verify that the log of state configurations and transitions of the VM instances are accurately recorded.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

However, unlike Ethereum, the proof-of-stake protocol of RChain is unique in that it bets on logical propositions. A proposition is defined as a set of statements about the blockchain, determining which transaction should occur first. Validator nodes will compute a maximally consistent subset of propositions. Once consensus is reached, the next block can be generated by finding a minimal model under which the propositions are valid. Thanks to the transactional isolation per namespaces and instances, most blocks can be created in parallel.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

TOKEN<\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

The Rchain token system contracts include two types of protocol access tokens:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n